Piazza della Repubblica is one of the most central and historic squares in Rome. Combining the city’s modern fabric with its ancient past, this square is a frequent destination for both locals and tourists due to its proximity to Termini Train Station. Formerly known as “Piazza dell’Esedra,” this area was built on the remains of the Baths of Diocletian from Ancient Rome. Its semicircular architecture reflects these historical roots, making it an impressive symbol of the square.
At the center of the square lies the magnificent Fountain of the Naiads (Fontana delle Naiadi) and the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri, designed by Michelangelo. These landmarks transform Piazza della Repubblica from a mere transit point into a true tourist attraction. Always lively throughout the day, the square offers visitors the chance to experience the historical atmosphere and observe modern Roman life through the cafes and restaurants that surround it.
Where is Piazza della Repubblica located?
Piazza della Repubblica is located in Rome, the capital of Italy. Situated in the city center on the Viminal Hill, this square is very close to the Termini Train Station. Additionally, the “Repubblica – Teatro dell’Opera” stop on Line A of the Rome Metro is located right next to the square, making access very convenient.
What is the history of Piazza della Repubblica?
The history of Piazza della Repubblica dates back to Ancient Rome. The square was built on the semicircular exedra of the Baths of Diocletian, commissioned by Emperor Diocletian in the 3rd century AD. Because of this, the square was known for many years as “Piazza dell’Esedra.”
In the late 19th century, following the unification of Italy and the designation of Rome as the capital, the square was modernized. The elegant semicircular porticoes, designed by architect Gaetano Koch, became symbolic elements of the present-day square. In the 20th century, it was renamed “Piazza della Repubblica” to represent the Italian Republic. This historical background makes the square a significant symbol where ancient and modern Rome meet.
In Ancient Roman times, the area was part of the Thermae Diocletiani (Baths of Diocletian), one of the largest and most impressive public bath complexes in Rome, built between AD 298–306. The semicircular structure of the square was the exedra of the baths and served as a public seating area. Hence, it was long called “Piazza dell’Esedra.”
After Rome became part of the Kingdom of Italy and was declared the capital in 1870, a major urban transformation began. As part of this, Piazza della Repubblica was redesigned. Between 1887 and 1898, architect Gaetano Koch constructed new palace-fronted buildings in a semicircular form around the square. These facades were designed in respect to the ancient exedra structure and define the square’s current architectural character.
In 1901, the Fontana delle Naiadi (Fountain of the Naiads) was added to the square. Designed by Mario Rutelli, the fountain features statues of four water nymphs representing lakes, rivers, underground water, and oceans. At the center stands a statue of the sea god Glaucus. The fountain’s bold and sensual design was controversial at first, but over time it became one of Rome’s iconic landmarks.
Also located in the square is the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri, designed by Michelangelo and integrated into the remains of the ancient baths. This church holds significant religious and architectural importance.
In summary, Piazza della Repubblica represents the historical continuity of Rome by combining layers of Ancient Roman remains, Renaissance architecture, 19th-century urban planning, and modern public space design.
What important structures are located in Piazza della Repubblica?
Piazza della Repubblica is one of Rome’s most historically and architecturally rich squares, surrounded by several significant landmarks. Here are the main highlights:
1. Fontana delle Naiadi (Fountain of the Naiads)
Located at the very center of the square, this striking fountain was created in 1901 by sculptor Mario Rutelli.
The fountain features four nymph (naiad) statues, each representing a different type of water: lake, river, ocean, and underground water.
At the center stands a statue of Glaucus, the sea god, symbolizing strength and life.
The elegant and bold design of the sculptures caused a sensation at the time and is now considered one of the most recognized fountains in Rome.
2. Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri
- This impressive basilica was built by Michelangelo in the 1560s over the ruins of the Baths of Diocletian.
- The frigidarium (cold room) of the baths was incorporated into the basilica.
- Inside, elements of Ancient Roman architecture blend with Renaissance art.
- The basilica also features scientific elements such as a meridian line, which marks the sun’s path throughout the year.
3. Exedra Buildings (Gaetano Koch’s Porticoes)
- These monumental buildings, completing the semicircular form of the square, were designed in the 19th century by architect Gaetano Koch.
- They feature grand façades that mimic the ancient exedra shape and reflect the elegance of modern Rome.
- Today, the buildings house hotels, offices, shops, and cafés.
How to get to Piazza della Repubblica?
Getting to Piazza della Repubblica is very easy, as the square is located in one of the most central areas of Rome. It is highly accessible by both public transport and on foot. Here are the details:
🚇 By Metro
The “Repubblica – Teatro dell’Opera” station on Rome Metro Line A is located right next to the square.
As soon as you exit the metro, you are just a few steps away from Piazza della Repubblica.
🚌 By Bus
Many bus lines pass through or stop very close to Piazza della Repubblica.
It is especially easy to reach by buses coming from the city center, around Termini, and via Via Nazionale.
🚶 On Foot
It is only a few minutes’ walk from Termini Train Station.
You can also easily walk from major streets such as Via Nazionale, Via Cavour, and Via Vittorio Emanuele Orlando.
🚖 By Taxi or Private Vehicle
There are taxi stands around the square.
For those arriving by car, there are parking options nearby, though it’s important to keep in mind the traffic and parking limitations in the city center.
If Piazza della Repubblica is on your list of places to visit in Rome, there’s no need to worry about transportation — it’s in a highly convenient location thanks to both public transport and walkable routes.
What can you do at Piazza della Repubblica?
Piazza della Repubblica is a striking square in the heart of Rome where historical texture and modern life intertwine. It offers visitors a rich blend of cultural and social experiences. Here are some activities you can enjoy at Piazza della Repubblica:
🏛️ Explore Historical and Architectural Landmarks
Fontana delle Naiadi (Fountain of the Naiads): Located at the center of the square, this fountain features four water nymph statues and a figure of the sea god Glaucus. It was designed by Mario Rutelli in 1901.
Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri: Built by Michelangelo over the ruins of the Baths of Diocletian, this basilica is worth seeing for both its architecture and interior decoration.
☕ Relax at Cafés
The cafés surrounding the square offer a chance to relax and soak in the Roman atmosphere. You can enjoy a coffee while watching the bustling life of the square.
🛍️ Shopping and Dining
Via Nazionale: Located near the square, this street is filled with shops and restaurants. It’s an ideal place for shopping or tasting Italian cuisine.
🚶 Visit Nearby Historical Sites
Baths of Diocletian: These ancient Roman baths are located right next to the square and reflect Rome’s rich history.
National Roman Museum: This museum exhibits ancient artifacts and is a must-visit for history enthusiasts.
What was the former name of Piazza della Repubblica?
The former name of Piazza della Repubblica was “Piazza dell’Esedra.” This name was inspired by the square’s shape, which reflects the semicircular architectural structure known as an exedra in Ancient Rome. The name originated from the large exedra of the Baths of Diocletian that once occupied the area.
The square’s current form and naming were established in the late 19th century during the unification of Italy. After the proclamation of the Italian Republic, the square was renamed “Piazza della Repubblica” to reflect the new national identity. Nevertheless, even today, some locals and sources continue to refer to it by its original name.
What are the features of the Fountain of the Naiads?
The Fountain of the Naiads (Fontana delle Naiadi) is a striking and symbolic monumental fountain located at the very center of Piazza della Repubblica. Completed in 1901 by Italian sculptor Mario Rutelli, it is one of Rome’s most eye-catching fountains, known for its artistic elegance and mythological theme.
🌊 Key Features of the Fountain of the Naiads:
🔹 Four Naiad Statues (Water Nymphs):
The bronze statues positioned around the edges of the fountain represent water nymphs from Greek mythology:
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Naiade dei Laghi (Nymph of Lakes): Embracing a swan.
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Naiade dei Fiumi (Nymph of Rivers): Reclining on a river creature.
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Naiade degli Oceani (Nymph of Oceans): Riding a sea horse.
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Naiade delle Acque Sotterranee (Nymph of Underground Waters): Depicted with a dragon-like creature.
These four figures symbolize the different forms of water and its connection to nature.
🔹 Glaucus Statue (Central Figure):
At the center of the fountain stands a nude statue of Glaucus, a sea god in Roman mythology.
Glaucus symbolizes power and humanity’s mastery over nature.
In his pose spraying water, he conveys a sense of movement and energy.
🔹 Artistic and Controversial Design
The bold and erotic depictions of the statues sparked major controversy when they were first created.
However, over time, the fountain has come to be regarded as an aesthetic masterpiece and an important example of modern Roman art.
🔹 Night Illumination
In the evening, the fountain takes on an even more magnificent appearance with its lighting, becoming a popular spot for photography enthusiasts.
Unlike traditional Baroque fountains in Rome, the Fountain of the Naiads represents the artistic transition of the early 20th century and a symbolic mythological narrative. It is one of the most defining features of Piazza della Repubblica.
What other tourist attractions are near Piazza della Repubblica?
Located in the very heart of Rome, Piazza della Repubblica is surrounded by many significant and must-see tourist sites within walking distance. Here are the main nearby attractions:
🏛️ Baths of Diocletian (Terme di Diocleziano)
- Located just behind Piazza della Repubblica,
- It is the largest bath complex of Ancient Rome.
- Today, it houses part of the National Roman Museum.
🖼️ National Roman Museum (Museo Nazionale Romano – Palazzo Massimo alle Terme):
- It houses rich collections of Ancient Roman mosaics, frescoes, sculptures, and everyday artifacts.
- It is just a few minutes’ walk from Piazza della Repubblica.
🎭 Teatro dell’Opera di Roma (Rome Opera House):
- Located right next to the Piazza della Repubblica metro exit.
- It is one of Rome’s most important cultural and artistic venues.
- Ideal for opera, ballet, and classical music performances.
🛍️ Via Nazionale:
- A shopping street that begins at Piazza della Repubblica.
- It is lined with clothing stores, bookstores, souvenir shops, and cafés.
- Ideal for shopping and enjoying the lively street atmosphere.
⛪ Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore:
- It is about a 10-minute walk from Piazza della Repubblica.
- One of the four major basilicas in Rome, it houses significant examples of early Christian art.
🏛️ Piazza Venezia and the Vittorio Emanuele Monument (a bit farther, but within walking distance):
As you head toward the historic city center, you can visit this magnificent monument along with many ancient Roman structures and forums.
Piazza della Repubblica is an excellent starting point for those wishing to explore both the ancient and modern faces of Rome. Thanks to the wealth of nearby tourist attractions, even a short walk allows you to experience the city’s deep historical and cultural richness.