Veliky Novgorod stands out with its deep-rooted history and rich cultural heritage as one of the oldest cities in Russia. With a past dating back to the 9th century, the city is considered one of the birthplaces of Russian statehood and is a unique destination for history and culture enthusiasts with its medieval structures, impressive religious architecture, and UNESCO World Heritage-listed monuments. The Novgorod Kremlin, Saint Sophia Cathedral—one of the oldest stone churches in Russia—and the monasteries along the Volkhov River are among the city’s main landmarks.
Novgorod offers visitors an unforgettable experience not only with its historical buildings but also with its natural beauty and peaceful atmosphere. Boat tours along the Volkhov River, open-air museums, churches decorated with frescoes, and streets adorned with traditional Russian architecture make exploring the city enjoyable. Visitors can connect with the early history of Russia here, see unique icons and manuscripts, and feel the traces of the past in the tranquility of the present.
1. Novgorod Kremlin (Detinets)
Considered the heart of Novgorod, the Kremlin is one of the city’s oldest and most important historical structures. Built in the 11th century, this fortified complex once served as both a political and religious center. Also known as “Detinets,” it stands out as one of the most magnificent structures reflecting Veliky Novgorod’s rich history.
Inside the Kremlin are the Saint Sophia Cathedral, bell tower, various museums, and monuments. The Millennium of Russia Monument is also located here, representing the country’s thousand-year history. Walking along the Kremlin walls offers a panoramic view of the city and an opportunity to fully experience its historical atmosphere. Architecturally and historically significant, the Novgorod Kremlin is one of the main landmarks that every visitor to the city should see.
2. St. Sophia Cathedral
St. Sophia Cathedral, which has become the symbol of Veliky Novgorod, was built between 1045 and 1050 and is one of the oldest stone churches in Russia. Inspired by Byzantine architecture, this monumental structure is distinguished by its five domes and is considered one of the earliest examples of Orthodox Christianity on Russian soil. At the time of its construction, it served not only as a religious center but also as a symbol of political power.
The interior of the cathedral is adorned with captivating frescoes and icons. Among the most notable elements are the famous “Our Lady of the Sign” icon from the 11th century and the depictions of saints, which draw great interest from visitors. The golden domes of St. Sophia rise magnificently within the Kremlin and define the city’s skyline. With its spiritual atmosphere and historical significance, St. Sophia Cathedral is one of the most important and impressive buildings in Novgorod.
3. Yaroslav’s Court
Yaroslav’s Court is one of the historical centers of Novgorod, located on the eastern bank of the Volkhov River, directly across from the Kremlin. Built in the 11th century by Prince Yaroslav, this area was the heart of commerce, governance, and social life during the Middle Ages. Throughout its history, it served as a marketplace, a site for religious ceremonies, and a gathering place for nobles.
Today, Yaroslav’s Court functions as an open-air museum that reflects the splendor of the past with its elegant churches and preserved stone arches. Especially St. Nicholas Church and other medieval structures are among the must-see monuments in this area. With its wide squares, historic stone pathways, and the Kremlin stretching in the background, Yaroslav’s Court is one of the places in Novgorod where you can most strongly feel the city’s historical atmosphere.
4. St. Nicholas Church
St. Nicholas Church is a historic Orthodox church located in Yaroslav’s Court, built in 1113. As one of the oldest stone churches in Novgorod, it stands out with its Byzantine-influenced architecture and solid stone construction. Dedicated to Saint Nicholas, the church held great significance at the time, especially as he was regarded as the patron saint of merchants.
The frescoes inside the church date back to the 12th century and present early examples of Russian wall painting. These frescoes depict scenes from the Bible, saints, and religious themes. Throughout history, St. Nicholas Church has hosted both religious ceremonies and public gatherings, making it one of the central sites of Novgorod’s medieval social and religious life. Today, it remains one of the city’s most visited buildings due to its architectural elegance and historical character.
5. Church of Boris and Gleb
The Church of Boris and Gleb is considered one of the oldest and most sacred structures in Veliky Novgorod. Built in 1130 at the beginning of the 12th century, this church is dedicated to the brothers Boris and Gleb, early Christian saints of the Kievan Rus period. These two saints are revered as the first canonized saints of Russia, and this church is one of the earliest examples built in their honor.
Located near the Volkhov River, the church stands out with its simple stone architecture and enduring structure. The interior contains frescoes and religious decorations that showcase classic examples of Russian Orthodox art. The Church of Boris and Gleb, with its religious significance and architectural simplicity, is a symbolic structure reflecting Novgorod’s spiritual identity. Its quiet atmosphere and historical character offer visitors a peaceful experience.
6. Millennium of Russia Monument
The Millennium of Russia Monument was built in 1862 to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of Russia’s Christianization and the foundation of the Russian state. Located in the center of the Novgorod Kremlin, this magnificent bronze and granite structure brings together significant figures and events from Russian history. The monument was designed by the renowned sculptor Mikhail Mikeshin.
The monument consists of three main sections: at the top is an angel figure holding an Orthodox cross; in the middle are figures representing tsars, military leaders, and religious authorities; and at the base are depictions of writers, scientists, and artists. In total, 129 historical figures are represented, symbolically narrating the development of the Russian nation. With its artistic value and historical message, the Millennium of Russia Monument is considered one of the most impressive and meaningful landmarks in Veliky Novgorod.
7. Novgorod State Museum (inside the Kremlin)
The Novgorod State United Museum, located within the Kremlin, is a comprehensive cultural and historical institution that reveals the city’s history spanning over a thousand years. The museum exhibits a wide range of artifacts such as archaeological findings, icons, manuscripts, traditional clothing, coins, and everyday items from the medieval period. In this sense, the museum serves as a unique resource for understanding not only the history of Novgorod but also the historical development of all of Russia.
One of the most striking sections of the museum is its icon collection, which includes masterpieces of Russian iconography. Additionally, writing tools, clay tablets, and manuscripts used since the 10th century are of particular interest to history enthusiasts. Visiting this museum while walking through the historic atmosphere of the Kremlin offers a direct connection with the city’s past. Thanks to knowledgeable guides and detailed exhibitions, visitors can explore Novgorod’s spiritual and political significance in depth.
8. Volkhov River Embankment
The Volkhov River is one of the most important waterways that brings life to Veliky Novgorod and completes the city’s natural beauty. The riverbank is an impressive area that offers a peaceful walking space surrounded by historical structures. Watching the view from the bridge located between the Kremlin and Yaroslav’s Court provides an unforgettable experience for visitors who wish to feel both the historical and natural essence of Novgorod at once.
In the summer, boat tours are organized along the river, offering the opportunity to view Novgorod’s shoreline from the water. The riverside walking paths, green parks, benches, and photo spots are ideal for relaxing and enjoying the scenery. From morning walks to watching the sunset, the Volkhov River embankment is a must-see place for anyone looking to add calm and beauty to their time in the city.
9. Rurikovo Gorodishche (Rurik’s Old Fortress)
Rurikovo Gorodishche is a historic archaeological site located a few kilometers south of Veliky Novgorod, on the banks of the Volkhov River, and is closely associated with the origins of the Russian state. This site is believed to be the fortress where the Varangian (Scandinavian) leader Rurik settled in the 9th century and used as his administrative center. The governing structure established by Rurik here later laid the foundation for the Kievan Rus state.
Today, Rurikovo Gorodishche consists largely of ruins but remains an extremely important center from both archaeological and historical perspectives. Visitors can see remnants of earthworks, church foundations, and traces of old stone structures. One of the most striking features of the area is the Church of the Transfiguration (Spaso-Preobrazhensky), which dates back to the 12th century. Set amidst a natural landscape and bearing the marks of the past, this ancient settlement is a fascinating destination for both history enthusiasts and those who enjoy exploring in harmony with nature.
10. Vitoslavlitsy Open-Air Museum
Located a few kilometers south of Veliky Novgorod on the shores of Lake Myachino and near the Saint George (Yuriev) Monastery, the Vitoslavlitsy Open-Air Museum is one of the most impressive ethnographic museums in Russia. Established in 1964, the museum showcases examples of traditional wooden architecture from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It includes 34 buildings such as farmhouses, churches, mills, and workshops, which were brought from different villages in the Novgorod region and carefully restored.
Visitors can stroll through this historical village setting and observe details of the daily lives of Russian peasants. Throughout the year, the museum hosts various activities such as handicraft workshops, traditional games, and folklore performances. In winter, there are sleigh rides and ice slides, while in summer, visitors can enjoy traditional games and craft demonstrations.
Visitor Information:
Address: Yuryevskoe Shosse, Veliky Novgorod
Transportation: Accessible via city buses No. 7 or 7A from the main bus terminal.
Opening Hours:
- May–August: 10:00 AM – 8:00 PM
- September–April: 10:00 AM – 6:00 PM
- October–March: 10:00 AM – 5:00 PM
- Official Website: novgorodmuseum.ru
The Vitoslavlitsy Open-Air Museum is a unique destination where history and culture enthusiasts can experience traditional Russian village life.
11. St. George Monastery (Yuriev Monastery)
Located about 5 km south of Veliky Novgorod on the banks of the Volkhov River, the Yuriev Monastery is considered one of the oldest monasteries in Russia. It is said to have been founded in 1030 by Yaroslav the Wise and was later rebuilt in stone in 1119 by the order of Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich. The St. George Cathedral, constructed during this period, stands out with its white stone structure and three silver domes.
Within the monastery complex, there is also the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, built in the 18th century and distinguished by its blue domes adorned with golden stars. In addition, the four-story, 52-meter-high bell tower designed by Carlo Rossi between 1838 and 1841 is architecturally striking.
Yuriev Monastery has played a significant role not only as a religious center but also in the political and cultural history of Novgorod. The monastery’s abbots held important positions in Novgorod’s ecclesiastical hierarchy, and it was also one of the sites where the city’s historical chronicles were compiled.
Damaged and closed during the Soviet era, the monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1991, and restoration efforts were initiated. Today, it welcomes visitors with both its architectural beauty and historical significance.
12. Znamensky Cathedral
Znamensky Cathedral (also known as the “Cathedral of the Sign of the Mother of God”) is a significant Russian Orthodox structure located in Veliky Novgorod, built in the late 17th century. Constructed between 1682 and 1688, it was dedicated to the “Sign of the Mother of God” icon, which was believed to have protected Novgorod from enemy attacks in the 12th century.
The cathedral features the characteristic elements of traditional Russian architecture. It is distinguished by its white stone façade and silver onion domes. The interior is decorated with religious icons and frescoes. However, the original “Sign of the Mother of God” icon is currently displayed in Saint Sophia Cathedral.
Znamensky Cathedral is an important structure reflecting the historical and cultural fabric of Veliky Novgorod. Visitors can gain a deeper understanding of Russia’s religious and artistic heritage by examining the cathedral’s architectural details and interior decorations.
13. St. Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church
Located in the historical center of Veliky Novgorod, in Yaroslav’s Court, this church was built in 1207 by overseas merchants. Saint Paraskeva was regarded as the patron saint of merchants during the Middle Ages, making the church highly significant for trading communities.
Architecturally, the church is a three-nave, four-pillar, single-dome structure with a distinctive three-apse design. Its walls are constructed from plinthite and limestone. The design of the church resembles that of St. Michael’s Church in Smolensk, leading to the belief that it was built by craftsmen from Smolensk.
Throughout its history, the church has undergone multiple restorations. Notably, its dome was renewed in the 18th century, and extensive restoration work was carried out between 1954 and the 2000s. Today, the church is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and functions as a museum open to visitors. Visiting hours are generally from 11:00 AM to 6:00 PM, but it is recommended to check current hours before visiting.
St. Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church is one of the most impressive structures in Veliky Novgorod, notable for both its architectural elegance and historical significance. With its historic atmosphere and unique architecture, it offers visitors an unforgettable experience.
14. Church of the Savior on Nereditsa
The Church of the Savior on Nereditsa is a significant 12th-century Orthodox church located about 1.5 km south of Veliky Novgorod, in the village of Spas-Nereditsa, on a small hill by the Maly Volkhovets River. It was built in 1198 by Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich in memory of his deceased sons. This structure is one of the oldest stone churches in Russia and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Architecturally, the church is a small stone building with four pillars, a single dome, and three apses. Its interior was entirely decorated with frescoes painted in 1199 by a group of eight to ten artists. These frescoes once covered the walls, pillars, ceiling, and dome, but the church suffered heavy damage during World War II, and most of the frescoes were lost. Some of them have been preserved thanks to pre-war photographs and watercolor copies made in 1862 by Nikolai Martynov.
One of the most striking frescoes is the “Last Judgment” scene that covered the entire western wall. Additionally, the dome features a depiction of the “Ascension” instead of the traditional image of Christ, indicating that the church was built in a peripheral region.
Today, the restored church is open to visitors and includes a small museum. Visiting hours may vary depending on the season, so checking the current schedule before visiting is recommended. As public transport is limited, reaching the site by private vehicle or taxi is more convenient.
The Church of the Savior on Nereditsa is one of Veliky Novgorod’s most impressive structures due to its architectural simplicity and historical significance. Its historical atmosphere and unique frescoes offer visitors an unforgettable experience.
15. Antoniev Monastery
Antoniev Monastery is an important Orthodox monastic complex from the 12th century, located on the right bank of the Volkhov River in Veliky Novgorod, Russia. Founded in 1106 by Saint Anthony, the monastery is notable for the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Mother of God, built between 1117 and 1122. This cathedral is one of the oldest surviving stone buildings in Russia and features three domes that reflect the architectural style of the time.
Throughout the Middle Ages, the monastery was one of Novgorod’s most significant religious and cultural centers. The complex established by Saint Anthony was later expanded with many stone structures, and a theological seminary was founded there in 1740. The monastery suffered damage during the Soviet era but was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1991, after which restoration work began.
Today, Antoniev Monastery is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and welcomes visitors with both its architectural beauty and historical significance. Within the monastery complex is also the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, built in the 18th century and adorned with blue domes decorated with golden stars. In addition, the four-story, 52-meter-high bell tower designed by Carlo Rossi between 1838 and 1841 stands out architecturally.
Visitor Information:
- Address: Veliky Novgorod, Russia
- Transportation: Accessible by bus or taxi from the city center
- Visiting Hours: May vary by season; it is recommended to check current hours before visiting
Antoniev Monastery is one of the most impressive structures in Veliky Novgorod, known for both its architectural elegance and historical significance. With its historic atmosphere and unique frescoes, it offers visitors an unforgettable experience.
16. St. Theodore Stratelates Church
Located in the north of Veliky Novgorod on the banks of the Volkhov River, this church was built between 1360 and 1361 by Novgorod governor Simeon Andreevich. It is considered one of the finest examples of 14th-century Novgorod architecture and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The church’s architecture features a square plan with a single dome. The exterior is notable for its decorative brickwork and frescoes, reflecting the artistic richness of the period. Inside, frescoes created under the influence of Byzantine iconographic tradition depict scenes from the life of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and Saint Theodore Stratelates.
On the church walls, visitors can also see medieval graffiti. These include humorous inscriptions like “Don’t make noise, walk quietly,” as well as personal notes such as “Sava followed me from the market, beat me, I wrote it down.”
Visitor Information:
Address: Fedorovsky Ruchey Street, Veliky Novgorod
Transportation: Easily accessible on foot or by public transport from the city center
Visiting Hours: May vary by season; it is recommended to check current hours before visiting
St. Theodore Stratelates Church is one of the most impressive structures in Veliky Novgorod, known for both its architectural elegance and historical significance. With its historical atmosphere and unique frescoes, it offers visitors an unforgettable experience.
17. Torgovaya Side (Trade Peninsula)
Torgovaya Side, as part of Veliky Novgorod’s historical center, is located on the eastern bank of the Volkhov River and was the focal point of the city’s economic, social, and political life throughout the Middle Ages. Also known as the “Trade Peninsula,” this area takes its name from the old Russian word “torg,” meaning marketplace. In the 11th century, Prince Yaroslav established Yaroslav’s Court and surrounding churches, palaces, and the veche (people’s assembly) square, turning the area into the city’s administrative and commercial center.
Many historical buildings in Torgovaya Side reflect Novgorod’s architectural richness and commercial power. Structures such as St. Nicholas Church, Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church, and the arcades of Gostiny Dvor preserve the traces of a once-bustling marketplace. Due to ties with the Hanseatic League, Novgorod exported goods like furs, honey, and beeswax from this area while importing products from Western Europe, fostering cultural exchange. Today, Torgovaya Side is one of the most visited and photographed areas in Novgorod, appreciated for its historical atmosphere and architectural character.
18. Novgorod Art Gallery
The Novgorod Art Gallery is an important cultural center located in Veliky Novgorod, Russia, showcasing the region’s rich artistic heritage. The gallery primarily focuses on the works of 18th- and 19th-century Russian painters, while also hosting exhibitions of contemporary artists. The third floor of the gallery is dedicated to Novgorod-based artists, featuring works by local creators.
The exhibitions explore themes related to the past and present of Veliky Novgorod, offering visitors an opportunity to observe the city’s artistic evolution. Special exhibitions have been organized to commemorate significant historical milestones such as the 1153rd anniversary of Novgorod, the 1150th anniversary of Russian statehood, and the 150th anniversary of Russia.
Visitor Information:
- Address: Veliky Novgorod, Russia
- Opening Hours: Generally open from 11:00 AM to 7:00 PM; however, it is recommended to check current hours before visiting
- Admission: May vary depending on the exhibition; contacting the gallery for details is advised
The Novgorod Art Gallery provides a rich cultural experience by presenting both historical and contemporary artworks. By visiting the gallery, you can explore pieces from various periods of Russian art and gain a deeper understanding of Veliky Novgorod’s artistic legacy.
19. Small Iron Bridge (between the Kremlin and Yaroslav’s Court)
The pedestrian bridge over the Volkhov River, located in the historical center of Veliky Novgorod, connects two significant parts of the city: the Kremlin (Detinets) and Yaroslav’s Court (Torgovaya Side). More than just a passageway, this bridge offers visitors the chance to explore the city’s historical fabric and architectural beauty.
Historical and Architectural Features:
At the site of the current bridge, a wooden structure known as the “Great Bridge” was built in the 12th century. However, it was destroyed during World War II. The present pedestrian bridge was constructed in 1987 and is approximately 220 meters long. With its modern design, the bridge is open exclusively to pedestrians and closed to vehicle traffic.
Scenery and Visitor Experience:
Crossing the bridge, visitors can enjoy a view to the west of the red-brick Kremlin walls and the golden domes of St. Sophia Cathedral. To the east, Yaroslav’s Court features the historic marketplace, St. Nicholas Cathedral, and other notable landmarks. The bridge is especially popular with photographers and travelers at sunset and during nighttime illumination.
Cultural Significance:
The bridge is not only a physical connector but also a symbol of the city’s historical and cultural heritage. While the Kremlin represents the religious and political center, Yaroslav’s Court reflects commerce and daily life. This bridge offers visitors an opportunity to experience the richness of Veliky Novgorod’s history and cultural diversity all at once.
Visitor Information:
- Location: Veliky Novgorod, Russia
- Transportation: Easily accessible on foot from the city center
- Visiting Hours: Open at all hours
This pedestrian bridge is an essential stop for visitors wishing to experience the historical atmosphere of Veliky Novgorod and explore its two most important areas.
20. Sophia Bell Tower
The Sophia Bell Tower is an impressive structure located in the historic Kremlin (Detinets) area of Veliky Novgorod, Russia, and is part of the St. Sophia Cathedral complex. Built in the 15th century, this stone bell tower was designed to house five large bells.
The largest bell weighs 26 tons and is known for a historical event in 1570, when its “ears” (protrusions used for hanging the bell) were cut off as punishment after it was used to warn the people of Novgorod about the impending threat during Ivan III’s conquest. This act symbolized the silencing of the bell.
The tower is a four-story structure, approximately 76 meters high. The lower levels are square in shape, while the upper levels are octagonal. A gilded dome and cross sit atop the structure. During the summer months, visitors can climb the tower for panoramic views of the city.
The Sophia Bell Tower stands out not only for its architectural beauty but also for its historical significance. It is an important structure that reflects the rich history and cultural heritage of Novgorod.
21. Ferapontov Hall, known for its Church Frescoes and Icons
The Ferapontov Monastery is a Russian Orthodox monastery located in the village of Ferapontovo in the Vologda Oblast of Russia. It was founded in 1398 by Saint Ferapont and is especially renowned for its frescoes created in the 15th century by the famous icon painter Dionisius. Dionisius’s works are found in the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin, which is the only church in Russia from the medieval period that is entirely decorated with frescoes. These frescoes are considered among the finest examples of Russian iconographic art.
The monastery complex was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000. Visitors often travel to the area to view Dionisius’s frescoes and the historic structures of the monastery. The region where the monastery is located is also known for its natural beauty in northern Russia.
Visitor Information:
- Location: Ferapontovo, Vologda Oblast, Russia
- Transportation: Approximately 120 km from the city of Vologda by road
- Visiting Hours: May vary by season; it is recommended to check current hours before visiting
The Ferapontov Monastery is a unique destination for visitors wishing to explore Russia’s rich historical and artistic heritage.
22. St. Peter and Paul Church
The Church of St. Peter and Paul, located in the Kozhevniki district of Veliky Novgorod, is a significant Orthodox structure built in 1406. It is an elegant example of early 15th-century Novgorod architecture. The church features a square plan, a single dome, and brick construction, with decorative brickwork adorning its exterior. The interior is modest and adorned with frescoes. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings.”
The Church of St. Peter and Paul (Sinichya Gora) is located in the Sinichya Gora area of Veliky Novgorod, on the left bank of the Volkhov River, and was built in 1192. It is one of the oldest stone churches in Russia. This small, square-plan, single-domed stone church represents the architectural style developed in Novgorod in the late 12th century.
The exterior features decorative patterns, and it is also included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings.”
Visitor Information:
- Location: Veliky Novgorod, Russia
- Transportation: Accessible on foot or by public transport from the city center
- Visiting Hours: May vary depending on the season; it is recommended to check current hours before visiting
The Churches of St. Peter and Paul are important structures reflecting Veliky Novgorod’s rich historical and architectural heritage. Visiting these churches offers a deep insight into the religious and cultural life of medieval Russia.
23. St. John Church
1. St. John the Baptist Church (in Opoki)
This church was built between 1127 and 1130 by Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich and is located in Yaroslav’s Court (Torgovaya Side). In 1454, it was demolished by Archbishop Euphymius and rebuilt on the same foundations.
As a rare example of 12th-century Russian stone architecture, this structure is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings.”
2. St. John the Evangelist Church (in Vitka)
Built in 1384, this small white-stone church is located along the Volkhov River, now within a city park. It is an elegant example of Novgorod’s late medieval architecture. With its simple exterior and single dome, the church is notable for both its architectural and historical significance.
Visitor Information:
- Location: Veliky Novgorod, Russia
- Transportation: Easily accessible on foot or by public transport from the city center
- Visiting Hours: May vary depending on the season; it is recommended to check current hours before visiting
These two churches are important structures that reflect Veliky Novgorod’s rich historical and architectural heritage. It is recommended to visit both during your stay.
24. Volkhov Dam and Hydroelectric Station
The Volkhov Dam and Hydroelectric Station is a historic hydroelectric facility located on the Volkhov River in the town of Volkhov, Leningrad Oblast, in northwestern Russia. It was one of the first major energy projects of the Soviet Union and was built in the 1920s as part of the GOELRO plan.
History and Technical Features
Construction of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Station began in 1918 and was completed in 1926. It was the first hydroelectric power plant built in the Soviet Union, initially with a capacity of 6,000 kilowatts. Through subsequent modernizations, its capacity was increased, and today it has a production capacity of 86 megawatts. The station supplies reliable energy to consumers in Leningrad Oblast and also facilitates navigation along the river.
Architectural and Cultural Significance
The design of the power plant was created by engineer Genrikh Graftio. He began drafting the initial design in 1904 and finalized it in 1914. The station was built in a style inspired by Northern Modernism. This architectural approach made the facility not just a power plant but also a structure that reflects the engineering and aesthetic vision of its time.
Visitor Information
- Location: Volkhov, Leningrad Oblast, Russia
- Transportation: About 120 km from Veliky Novgorod, accessible by road or rail
- Visiting: The station is of historical and engineering interest and may be visited with prior permission
The Volkhov Dam and Hydroelectric Station played an important role in Russia’s industrialization process and continues to hold significance in terms of energy production and engineering history. Visitors can learn about early Soviet energy projects by viewing this historic structure.
25. Musical Chimes Performance (at the Kremlin)
The bell tower of St. Sophia Cathedral, located in the Kremlin (Detinets) area of Veliky Novgorod, is one of the city’s most striking structures. Inside the tower is an exhibition called “Ancient Novgorod Bells,” which features antique bells from the 16th and 17th centuries. The exhibit includes bells of various sizes, ranging from 24 kilograms to approximately 320 kilograms.
The tower not only offers visitors the chance to see these historic bells but also features an observation deck with views of the surrounding area.
For those interested in exploring Veliky Novgorod’s rich historical and cultural heritage, this bell tower is an essential stop. However, visiting hours and event schedules may vary by season, so it is recommended to check current information before visiting.
26. Central Market Square (Torg)
Torg is located in the historical center of Veliky Novgorod on the eastern bank of the Volkhov River and has long been the heart of the city’s commercial, social, and political life. This area began to develop in the 10th century and became the city’s administrative and commercial center in the 11th century with the construction of Yaroslav’s Court (Yaroslavovo Dvorishche) by Prince Yaroslav.
During the Middle Ages, Torg was the largest marketplace in Novgorod and, by the 12th century, was considered the largest market in Europe. At that time, there were more than 1,800 stalls in the area. Due to trade relations established with the Hanseatic League, Torg played a significant role in Novgorod’s commerce with Europe. The city exported goods such as furs, honey, beeswax, and leather, while importing silver, fabric, salt, and wine.
Today, Torg welcomes visitors with its historical buildings and cultural heritage. Notable landmarks include St. Nicholas Cathedral, the Church of St. Procopius, and the Church of the Sign of the Mother of God, all located within Yaroslav’s Court and reflecting the area’s rich history. Additionally, the arcades of Gostiny Dvor, built in the 17th century, offer traces of the region’s commercial past.
Torg is an essential destination for those wishing to explore Veliky Novgorod’s rich historical and cultural legacy. The area serves not only as a physical connector but also as a symbol of the city’s heritage.
27. Novgorod Historical Architectural Conservation Areas
Veliky Novgorod, as one of Russia’s oldest cities, is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List for its rich historical and architectural legacy. In 1992, it was inscribed under the title “Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings,” encompassing 11 distinct areas. These sites contain churches, monasteries, fortresses, and other structures dating from the 10th to the 17th centuries. Covering a total of 37 monuments and approximately 350 hectares, this heritage showcases the evolution and historical development of Russian architecture.
Highlighted Conservation Areas:
- Novgorod Kremlin (Detinets): Located on the western bank of the city, this area features 15th-century walls and the 11th-century St. Sophia Cathedral. The Kremlin is the political and religious center of Novgorod.
- Yaroslav’s Court and Torg (Trade) Area: Situated on the eastern bank of the Volkhov River, this area hosted one of the largest markets in Europe during the 12th century. Important structures such as St. Nicholas Cathedral are located here.
- Yuriev Monastery: Founded in the 11th century, it is one of Russia’s oldest monasteries and is known for the St. George Cathedral.
- Antoniev Monastery: Established in 1117 by St. Anthony, this monastery is notable for its three-domed church and is one of the few surviving 12th-century structures.
- Zverin Monastery: Founded before the 12th century, it is known for the Stone Protection Church built in 1335.
- Church of the Savior on Nereditsa: Built in 1198, this church is famous for its interior frescoes and is a key example of Russian fresco art.
- Vitoslavlitsy Open-Air Museum: Created to preserve wooden architecture, this museum displays traditional Russian village structures.
These conservation areas reflect Veliky Novgorod’s historical fabric and architectural richness, offering visitors a close-up experience of Russia’s cultural heritage. Each structure highlights the architectural styles and historical events of different periods, shedding light on the city’s past.
28. Alekseevskaya Tower and City Walls
The Alekseevskaya Tower is an important part of Veliky Novgorod’s historical defense system. Built in the 16th century, it is the only surviving structure of the city’s outer defensive wall known as the “Round City” (Krugly Gorod).
The tower’s walls are approximately 4.5 meters thick and around 15 meters high. Over time, the structure fell into disrepair but was restored in the 1990s to its historical appearance.
The Alekseevskaya Tower is a significant monument reflecting Veliky Novgorod’s rich historical and architectural heritage. Visitors to the city can gain valuable insight into Novgorod’s defense history by viewing this tower.
29. Museum of Old Books and Manuscripts
There is no dedicated museum known as the Museum of Old Books and Manuscripts in Veliky Novgorod. However, the most comprehensive collections related to this subject are exhibited at the Novgorod State United Museum Reserve, located in the Kremlin (Detinets) area. This museum houses some of the oldest written documents in Russia.
📜 Highlighted Collections
Birch Bark Manuscripts (Berestyanaya Gramota): These writings, dating back to the 11th century, include letters, shopping lists, and personal notes from the daily life of medieval Novgorod citizens. Over 1,100 birch bark documents have been discovered, most of them in Novgorod.
Novgorod Codex: Discovered in 2000, this is the oldest known book in Russia. Consisting of three wooden tablets, this palimpsest dates to the late 10th or early 11th century and contains numerous religious and secular texts.
Ostromir Gospels: Written between 1056–1057, this manuscript is the earliest dated book from the Kievan Rus period. It is noted for its rich miniatures and ornamentation.
Mstislav Gospels: Originally created for a church in Novgorod and later transferred to Moscow, this 12th-century manuscript is known for its gold-embellished decorations and illustrations.
🏛️ Visitor Information
Location: Kremlin (Detinets), Veliky Novgorod, Russia
Visiting Hours: May vary by season; it is recommended to check current hours before visiting
Events: The museum periodically hosts exhibitions such as “The Art of Book Decoration”
Visitors to Veliky Novgorod can explore the depths of Russia’s written culture and closely examine historical manuscripts in this museum.
30. Volkhov River Cruise (by boat)
Boat tours on the Volkhov River in Veliky Novgorod are a popular activity for visitors who want to explore the city’s historical and natural beauty from a different perspective. These tours, especially during the summer months, offer the opportunity to view major landmarks such as the Kremlin (Detinets), St. Sophia Cathedral, and Yaroslav’s Court from the river.
🚤 Information About the Boat Tours
- Departure Point: Boats generally depart from the pier located on the western side of the pedestrian bridge, near the Kremlin.
- Departure Times: During the summer season (May–September), regular departures are typically at 11:00 AM and 1:00 PM.
- Duration and Route: Tours last about 1 hour and include views of the city’s historic buildings and natural landscapes along the river.
- Price: The ticket price for adults is approximately 500 RUB.
- Highlights: During the tours, historical sites such as Rurikovo Gorodishche (Rurik’s Old Fortress) can also be seen.
🌤️ Best Time to Visit
The ideal time for a river cruise on the Volkhov is between May and September when the weather is mild. During this period, nature offers lush green scenery and the riverside views are especially impressive.
🧭 Additional Information
- Combo Tours: Some tours include visits to places such as the Vitoslavlitsy Open-Air Museum or Yuriev Monastery after the river cruise.
- Booking: It is advisable to make reservations in advance during peak periods. Tickets can usually be purchased at the pier or through local tourist offices.
Boat tours on the Volkhov River offer a unique opportunity to experience both the historical texture and natural charm of Veliky Novgorod. These tours allow visitors to witness the city’s rich past while enjoying a peaceful journey on the water.