Cairo… Chaotic yet captivating, noisy yet full of soul. From the very first moment I set foot in the city, I can say my sense of time was turned upside down. On one hand, there are millennia-old structures where you can trace the footsteps of pharaohs; on the other, streets scented with Arabic coffee, colorful markets, art-filled islands… Every corner of this city tells a different story. In this article, I wanted to share the places I visited and found most impressive in Cairo. If you’re ready, let’s explore this historic city together. Here are the Top 12 Places to Visit in Cairo! 🌍✨
1. The Pyramids of Egypt and the Great Sphinx of Giza
The Egyptian Pyramids are among Ancient Egypt’s greatest engineering achievements and have continued to fascinate people for thousands of years. The most famous pyramids are the Pyramids of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, located on the Giza Plateau near Cairo. These structures were built as tombs for the pharaohs and are part of a complex burial tradition based on the belief in immortality. Constructed with massive stone blocks, these pyramids required advanced mathematical calculations and extraordinary manpower. The Pyramid of Khufu is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and is the only one that still stands today.
The Great Sphinx of Giza is a massive stone statue located on the same plateau. With the body of a lion and the head of a human, it is commonly believed to represent Pharaoh Khafre and is associated with his pyramid. Measuring approximately 73 meters in length, the Sphinx is one of the largest monolithic statues in the world. Though it has been significantly eroded over time after being buried under sand, it continues to attract attention with its mysterious expression and historical significance. While its exact purpose remains unknown, it was believed to guard the pharaohs and possess mystical power. This unique statue remains one of the artistic and engineering marvels of Egypt’s ancient civilization and still draws great interest today.
2. Grand Egyptian Museum
The Grand Egyptian Museum, one of the largest archaeological museums in the world, has been built near Cairo on the Giza Plateau. Its official opening date is scheduled for July 3, 2025. However, since October 2024, the museum has opened some of its galleries to visitors on a trial basis. The museum is designed to showcase the rich heritage of Ancient Egypt. It will house over 50,000 artifacts, and it holds the distinction of being the first museum to display all of Tutankhamun’s treasures under one roof. With its modern architecture and advanced display technologies, the Grand Egyptian Museum offers visitors a more immersive and detailed journey through Egypt’s history.
The museum is not only a space for exhibitions but also serves as a major center for education and cultural events. Through interactive exhibits, digital guides, and virtual reality experiences, visitors can feel as though they are traveling back in time to the era of the pharaohs. In addition, the museum includes a large research center and conservation laboratory, making it a key site for the preservation and study of Ancient Egyptian artifacts. Located right next to the pyramids, the Grand Egyptian Museum significantly boosts tourism by increasing interest in Egyptian history.
3. Egyptian Museum
The Egyptian Museum, also known as the Cairo Museum, was opened in 1902 in Cairo’s Tahrir Square and has for many years housed one of the world’s most important collections of Ancient Egyptian artifacts. Designed by French architect Marcel Dourgnon, this historic building holds more than 120,000 items. Among the most remarkable pieces are the treasures from Tutankhamun’s tomb, mummies, statues, and papyri. The museum is a true treasure for researchers and visitors who wish to closely explore Egypt’s thousands of years of history.
Although some collections have been moved to the Grand Egyptian Museum upon its opening, the Egyptian Museum still remains an important cultural center. With its original atmosphere, historical texture, and iconic architecture, it is one of the rare places that reflects the traditional concept of a museum. It continues to attract great interest from both local and foreign tourists, showcasing the story of Egyptian archaeology from past to present. At the same time, it serves as a center where artifacts not yet transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum are exhibited and preserved. That’s why we recommend visiting both museums. Each has its own unique qualities and is definitely worth seeing.
4. Madrasa of Sultan Hassan
The Madrasa of Sultan Hassan is a historic mosque and madrasa located in Cairo, considered one of the most impressive examples of Mamluk architecture. It was commissioned by Sultan Hassan and constructed between 1356 and 1363. This monumental structure is one of the first complexes built with educational sections dedicated to the four major Islamic schools of thought. The mosque stands out with its spacious courtyard, towering walls, and elegant decorations, reflecting the grandeur and artistic vision of its time. Architecturally, it possesses both a graceful and majestic appearance, serving as a fine example of symmetrical planning in Islamic architecture.
The mosque and madrasa served not only as a place of worship but also as a center for education. The mihrab, minbar, and interior ornamentation showcase the craftsmanship of the era. Together with the nearby Al-Rifa’i Mosque, it greatly contributes to Cairo’s historic skyline. Although it has undergone several restorations over time, it has managed to preserve its original structure. Today, the Madrasa of Sultan Hassan remains a significant destination for both tourists and locals, representing the magnificence of Islamic art and architecture. Don’t think of it as just another mosque—it’s truly unlike any traditional mosque you’ve seen, with a unique architectural character. If you visit, you’ll surely be captivated.
5. Cairo Citadel – Mosque of Muhammad Ali
The Cairo Citadel, with its elevated position overlooking the city, is a structure of great strategic and historical importance. It was built in the 12th century by Saladin as a defense against the Crusades. For centuries, the citadel served as the administrative center of Egypt and was actively used during the Ottoman and Mamluk periods as well. Today, it is an impressive sightseeing spot that offers visitors panoramic views of Cairo. Watching the city from above at sunset is one of the unforgettable moments for those who visit.
Located within the citadel complex, the Mosque of Muhammad Ali stands out with its striking Ottoman architecture. Inspired by the mosques of Istanbul, this mosque is notable for its interior decorations. Additionally, within the citadel’s grounds, there are museums, palaces, and historical buildings from different periods. With its architectural beauty and scenic views, the Cairo Citadel is one of the most important cultural and touristic stops in the city. It is a must-visit destination for lovers of history, architecture, and landscapes.
6. Nile River – Be Sure to Take a Boat Tour
The Nile River, the lifeline of Egypt, is the perfect place to feel the spirit of Cairo. A felucca ride at sunset (a traditional sailboat) or a luxurious boat tour is one of the must-do experiences in the city! The Nile is considered the longest river in the world and was the most vital element in shaping Ancient Egyptian civilization. As you glide along the river, you’ll see modern skyscrapers on one side and traditional neighborhoods on the other. On some boats, the trip turns into a full experience with live music, traditional dance performances, and dinner service.
7. Khan el-Khalili Bazaar
Among the places I visited in Cairo, one of the most colorful and enchanting was definitely the Khan el-Khalili Bazaar. As I wandered through its narrow alleys, I felt as though I was lost in time. At every corner, you’re greeted by a different craft, a new color, a unique sound. Handmade jewelry, vibrant lanterns, patterned fabrics, tiny souvenirs… you name it, it’s there! One moment you’re drawn into a shop by the sound of an oud, the next you find yourself bargaining like a local.
But do you know what the best part was? The smell of spices! The bazaar is filled with the rich aromas of ginger, cardamom, saffron, and countless other scents I couldn’t even name. As I browsed the stalls, it felt like a feast for both my eyes and my nose. When I got tired, I stopped at El-Fishawy Café — a historic coffeehouse that’s been open for more than 200 years. While sipping my mint tea, I soaked in the atmosphere and reflected on all the stories this bazaar must hold. Khan el-Khalili isn’t just a place to shop; it’s a true cultural experience brought to life.
8. Al-Azhar Mosque and Islamic Cairo
While exploring the area known as “Islamic Cairo,” I felt immersed in history with every step I took. Minarets rose into the sky, the call to prayer echoed between stone walls, and it felt as if the spirit of the past still lingered here. At the heart of this district stands Al-Azhar Mosque, one of Egypt’s most important religious and educational structures. Built in 970, this mosque is also considered the foundation of Al-Azhar University. In other words, it wasn’t just a place of worship—it has been a center of learning and teaching for centuries.
When I entered Al-Azhar, I was met with a simple yet captivating beauty. Its courtyard is peaceful, the architecture elegant, and the atmosphere truly enchanting. In the narrow streets surrounding the mosque, you come across other historic mosques, madrasas, and caravanserais. Each one tells a different story—some through their majestic minarets, others through the intricate details in their stone walls, taking you back in time. Islamic Cairo isn’t just a sightseeing tour; it feels like a journey through time. If you’re drawn to a mix of history, architecture, and spirituality, this place definitely deserves a spot on your list.
Note: Al-Azhar Mosque and Islamic Cairo are not the same thing, but they are closely connected. Al-Azhar Mosque, built in 970, is a historic mosque considered the heart of Islamic scholarship. Islamic Cairo, on the other hand, is a broader area that includes Al-Azhar and dozens of other historic mosques, madrasas, and inns. So you could say Al-Azhar lies at the very heart of Islamic Cairo.
9. Coptic Cairo
If you want to step away from the crowds of Cairo and into a quieter, more mystical atmosphere, Coptic Cairo is just the place for you. This is a very special area that bears witness to Egypt’s Christian heritage. As you wander through its narrow streets, surrounded by stone buildings and centuries-old churches, it truly feels like time has stood still.
One of the most striking places is undoubtedly the Hanging Church, named for its construction atop ancient Roman walls. The interior is both simple and impressive; its wooden ceiling, icons, and peaceful ambiance offer a true sense of serenity. The Coptic Museum, also located in this area, houses a rich collection of artifacts from both before and after the rise of Christianity. When you think of Egypt, don’t just picture pharaohs and pyramids—Coptic Cairo opens a completely different window into the layered history of this land.
10. Zamalek Island – Gezira Island
If you want to step away from Cairo’s historic streets and into a more modern, peaceful, and artistic atmosphere, Zamalek Island is the perfect place to take a breather. Located in the middle of the Nile River, this green oasis is removed from the city’s chaos yet still right at its heart. With tree-lined streets, stylish cafés, art galleries, and boutique shops, this place feels like the “cool” side of Cairo.
For me, the best part of Zamalek was discovering artistic touches around every corner. The Gezira Art Center (The Palace of Arts) is a must-visit for those interested in modern art. The island also features many bookstores, design shops, and restaurants offering flavors from around the world. Whether you prefer walking around all day or relaxing at a café while sipping your coffee by the Nile, Zamalek proves that in Cairo, you can experience not only history but also art and modern living.
Note: The names “Zamalek” and “Gezira” can sometimes be confusing. Technically, they’re not exactly the same place. Zamalek refers to the western part of the island and is known as a modern, artistic neighborhood. “Gezira” means “island” in Arabic and usually refers to the eastern side. So on some maps, you might see it labeled as “Gezira Island.” In other words, what we often call Zamalek Island is actually the Zamalek district of Gezira Island!
11. Al-Moez Ldin Allah Al-Fatemi Street
If you want to take a historical journey through Cairo, Al-Moez Street is like an open-air museum! This street is home to dozens of mosques, madrasas, mausoleums, and palaces from both the Ottoman and Mamluk periods. As you walk through its narrow stone streets, it feels as if you’ve been transported back centuries. Every step brings a new piece of history, every corner reveals an architectural detail that leaves you in awe.
Along the street, you’ll find stunning mosques adorned with intricate decorations, elegant arched doorways, and old stone facades that catch the eye. Especially in the evening, the atmosphere becomes even more magical with the street beautifully illuminated. You can also browse the small shops, admire traditional crafts, and fully immerse yourself in the historic ambiance. Al-Moez is not just a place to visit in Cairo—it’s an experience you need to feel.
12. Wekalet El Ghouri
In Cairo, it’s not just history that awaits you—there are also cultural experiences that nourish the soul. One of the most captivating of these is undoubtedly the Sufi dance performances held at Wekalet El Ghouri. This 16th-century Ottoman-era caravanserai now hosts traditional art events. The Tannoura performance, featuring the whirling dervishes, leaves a deep impression both visually and spiritually.
As the show begins, a magical silence fills the space. The dervishes, spinning in their colorful skirts to rhythmic music, appear to enter a trance. Each turn feels like a prayer, a symbol of meaning. This performance is not just a dance—it’s an experience that draws you in and makes you reflect. If you find yourself in Cairo, be sure to spend an evening at Wekalet El Ghouri. With its architecture and atmosphere, an unforgettable night awaits you!
Note: The performance starts every evening at 7:30 PM and follows a first-come, first-served seating system. So if you want a good seat, it’s best to arrive at least an hour early. The show lasts about 90 minutes, and tickets cost only around 2–3 dollars. There are no food or drinks sold inside, so don’t forget to bring your own snacks and water!
Did You Know?
When we think of Egypt, most of us immediately picture the pyramids, right? But if you think it’s all about the three famous pyramids in Giza, let me share an interesting fact with you:
There are approximately 138 to 140 pyramids discovered in Egypt to date! 😲
Most of these pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs and important nobles. Of course, the most famous ones are the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, but there are many others in regions like Saqqara, Dahshur, and Meidum. In fact, the Step Pyramid in Saqqara is considered the first stone pyramid in history!
So, pyramids are not limited to just the Giza Plateau—you can find traces of these fascinating structures all across Egypt. If you’re passionate about pyramids, your discovery in Egypt might be much bigger than you imagined!
Cairo isn’t a place that can be summed up in a single word; it’s a living city, full of history, culture, and human stories. While exploring, I sometimes felt like I was in an old movie scene, other times like I was in a completely different world. If you ever find yourself there, don’t just stick to the tourist spots—wander through the side streets, sit at a café and sip mint tea, blend in with the people. Because the real Cairo is hidden behind the signs, between stone walls, and in those warm, welcoming smiles.
I hope this article inspires you and brings you one step closer to packing your suitcase! ✈️🧳
